The Markets
week, while the market posted its third consecutive week of gains (except for the Russell 2000). Of the indexes listed here, both the large-cap Dow and S&P 500 closed the week with moderate gains, while the Nasdaq proved to be last week's biggest winner. Money continued to find its way into the bond market, driving prices higher while pushing yields down. The price of gold (COMEX) increased, selling at $1,177.30 by late Friday afternoon compared to $1,155.60 a week earlier. Crude oil (WTI) prices fell back a bit, selling at $47.26 per barrel by week's end. For the first time in eight weeks, the national average retail regular gasoline price increased to $2.337 per gallon on October 12, 2015, $0.019 higher than the previous week's price of $2.318 per gallon, but still $0.870 below a year ago. 
Last Week's Headlines
- Closing out the government's fiscal year, the U.S. Treasury Department's budget report for September showed the budget deficit narrowed by 9.2% to $438.9 billion. The deficit at the close of fiscal 2014 was $483.4 billion. Compared to fiscal 2014, total receipts for fiscal 2015 increased to $3.249 trillion ($3.020 trillion in 2014), while government outlays for 2015 were ahead of 2014--$3.688 trillion to $3.504 trillion. Tax increases, both individual and corporate, contributed to the higher income total for 2015, while higher expenditures for Social Security and Medicare added to 2015's increased outlays.
- The Federal Reserve produces a monthly index of industrial production that attempts to show how much factories, mines, and utilities are producing. Industrial production decreased 0.2% in September from August. In September, manufacturing output moved down 0.1% for a second consecutive monthly decrease; the index for mining fell 2.0%, while the index for utilities rose 1.3%. Capacity utilization (an estimate of how much factory capacity is in use) for the industrial sector fell 0.3% in September to 77.5% compared to August, a rate that is 2.6% below its long-run (1972-2014) average.
- The Producer Price Index, which measures prices companies receive for goods and services, fell 0.5% in September, according to the U.S. Labor Department. For the 12-month period ended September 2015, producer prices fell 1.1%. Prices for goods dropped 1.2% (the largest decrease since January), while prices for services decreased 0.4% (the largest decline since February). In September, over 80% of the decline in the prices of goods can be traced to prices for energy, which fell 5.9%. These figures are yet another sign of stagnant inflationary trends.
- Further adding credence to the fact that the rate of inflation is not increasing, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that the Consumer Price Index for September decreased 0.2%. Over the last 12 months, the index has essentially remained unchanged. The drop in gasoline prices helped fuel the fall in the index. In addition, the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) decreased 0.6% over the last 12 months, meaning Social Security recipients will not see a cost-of-living adjustment next year--the first time that's happened since 2011. Also, with Medicare Part B premiums scheduled to increase, about 30% of the roughly 52 million enrolled in Medicare Part B could see their premiums increase by as much as 52%, according to the Wall Street Journal.
- Despite uncertainty in foreign economies, weakening job growth, and volatility in the stock markets, consumers continued to spend in September as retail and food services sales increased 0.1% from the previous month, and 2.4% above September 2014, according to the latest Census Bureau report. However, excluding motor vehicles, retail and food sales were actually down 0.3% in September. Lower gas prices may be giving consumers a few more discretionary dollars to spend as overall retail sales haven't fallen since this past January.
- An indication of manufacturers' production is reflected in the ratio between the dollar value of inventories and sales. Theoretically, rising inventories may mean manufacturers are anticipating growing demand in the coming months. But if sales don't grow commensurate with increased inventories (i.e., actual sales don't meet expectations), then production will likely slow. With this in mind, the latest report from the Census Bureau reveals that business inventories were unchanged in August, while sales fell 0.6%, driving the inventory-to-sales ratio up to 1.37 in August from 1.36 in July. Thus, manufacturers are whittling down inventories against a decline in sales.
- According to the latest report on job openings and labor turnover from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the number of job openings decreased to 5.4 million on the last business day of August, while the number of hires and separations was little changed at 5.1 million and 4.8 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate and layoffs and discharges rate remained unchanged.
- A preliminary survey of consumer sentiment for October shows that consumers did not prolong their concerns following September's tumultuous stock market performance as the Index of Consumer Sentiment increased 5.6% to 92.1 from 87.2 in September. The University of Michigan's Surveys of Consumers Current Economic Conditions index and its Index of Consumer Expectations also increased in the early part of October compared to September.
- Initial claims for unemployment insurance decreased by 7,000 for the week ended October 10, to close at 255,000--its lowest level since 1973, matching the level recorded during the July 18 week. The advance seasonally adjusted insured unemployment rate was unchanged at 1.6% for the week ended October 3, while the advance number for continuing unemployment insurance claims decreased 50,000 to 2,158,000.
Eye on the Week Ahead
Several reports on tap for next week serve as useful economic indicators. The Producer Price Index and Consumer Price Index track prices at the producer and consumer levels, while the retail sales report is a major indicator of consumer spending.
Data sources: News items are based on reports from multiple commonly available international news sources (i.e. wire services) and are independently verified when necessary with secondary sources such as government agencies, corporate press releases, or trade organizations. Market data: Based on data reported in WSJ Market Data Center (indexes); U.S. Treasury (Treasury yields); U.S. Energy Information Administration/Bloomberg.com Market Data (oil spot price, WTI Cushing, OK); www.goldprice.org (spot gold/silver); Oanda/FX Street (currency exchange rates). All information is based on sources deemed reliable, but no warranty or guarantee is made as to its accuracy or completeness. Neither the information nor anyopinion expressed herein constitutes a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any securities, and should not be relied on as financial advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. All investing involves risk, including the potential loss of principal, and there can be no guarantee that any investing strategy will be successful.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) is a price-weighted index composed of 30 widely traded blue-chip U.S. common stocks. The S&P 500 is a market-cap weighted index composed of the common stocks of 500 leading companies in leading industries of the U.S. economy. The NASDAQ Composite Index is a market-value weighted index of all common stocks listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange. The Russell 2000 is a market-cap weighted index composed of 2,000 U.S. small-cap common stocks. The Global Dow is an equally weighted index of 150 widely traded blue-chip common stocks worldwide. Market indices listed are unmanaged and are not available for direct investment.
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